Hypolipidemic properties of the extracts of Belamcanda chinensis leaves (BCLE) in KK-A y mice

Abstract The extract of Belamcanda chinensis leaves (BCLE) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of diabetes-related hyperlipidemia in Hainan province, South China. In this study, the lipid-decreasing effects of BCLE on obese diabetes were investigated on KK-Ay mice. The component F2 ameliorated lipid disorder, as indicated by decreased levels of body weight, liver index, levels of TC, TG and LDL-c in the serum and liver. The enhancement effect of F2 on liver SOD and the inhibitory effect of F2 on MDA demonstrated that F2 exhibited significant antioxidant activity on liver injury. F2 also prevented vacuolar degeneration and reduced pathological tissue injury in liver. In addition, the component F1 decreased the levels of TG, LDL-c and MDA in the liver. These findings suggest that F2 may have therapeutic potential in the prevention and therapy of hyperlipemia and liver disease associated with obesity-related diabetes.

The prevalence and risk factors of metabolic syndrome in Chinese population based on the multi center cross-sectional survey / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To understand the prevalence and risk factors of metabolic syndrome (MS) among different ethnic groups. Methods A multicenter cross-sectional survey was conducted. Subjects were selected by multistage stratified random sampling. Physical examination and laboratory testing were performed to collect MS related indicators, and the prevalence was standardized by the 6th general survey data. Further multivariate and logarithmic linear model methods were applied to analyze the risk factors and interaction. Results The overall prevalence of MS was 19.58%. The highest prevalence of MS was in Korean, followed by Han, while the lowest was in Kazakh. The rates of MS, overweight and obesity were higher in men than those in women, and increased along with age. Multivariate analysis result showed that the odds ratio (OR) of female to male was 0.556, and aging increased the risk of MS. The OR of central obesity was 2.765, and would reach to 4.259 when the waist-to-body ratio was over 0.52. The logarithmic linear model showed that the overweight/obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension and dyslipidemia had independent effects on the risk of MS. Also, there were interactions in the four indicators. Conclusions The incidence of MS is high and the positive interaction between the overweight/obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension and dyslipidemia is observed, making MS a common crisis to clinical and public health. In order to prevent and control MS, and to reduce the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and diabetes, early screening of MS should be strengthened and lifestyle intervention should be carried out.

Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation treatment of traumatic angle recession glaucoma / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

·AIM: To study the influence of Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation on eyesight, intraocular pressure and corneal endothelial cell density of patients with traumatic angle recession glaucoma. ·METHODS: Totally 33 cases (35 eyes) of patients with traumatic angle recession glaucoma admitted to our hospital since June 2014 to June 2016 were selected and treated with Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation. The clinical data of all patients were retrospectively analyzed, so as to evaluated to success rate of surgery. Non-contact tonometer was applied to surveying intraocular pressure before treatment and at 1wk, 1,3,6mo and 1a post treatment. Specular microscope was adopted to examine and calculate the corneal endothelial cell density before treatment and at 1wk, 1, 3, 6mo and 1a post treatment. All affected eyes were compared for visual acuity before surgery and in 1a after surgery, moreover, patients were followed - up, received the further consultations and the complications were recorded. ·RESULTS: As for 35 affected eyes, the absolute success rate of surgery was 54% , while the relative success rate was 40% , and the total successful rate and failure rate were 94% and 6% respectively. In terms of the number of people who had no light sensation before surgery, or who had light sensation, ≤0. 01, 0. 01-0. 10 or >0. 10-0. 20, there was no significant difference (Z=-0. 132, P=0. 362). The intraocular pressure before treatment was 43. 43 ± 3. 65mmHg, at 1wk after surgery was 13. 50 ± 2. 54mmHg, at 1mo was 15. 93 ± 2. 61mmHg, at 6mo was 16. 00 ± 2. 18mmHg and at 1a was 16. 45 ± 2. 21mmHg, and the difference among different time points had statistical significance (F= 887. 82, P<0. 01). After treatment the intraocular press decreased compared to before treatment (P<0. 05); those after treatment had no difference with each other ( P> 0. 05 ). Before treatment, the corneal endothelial cell density was 2443. 35 ± 343. 12 pieces/mm2, in 1wk after the surgery was 2231.67±334.45 pieces /mm2, in 1mo after the surgery was 2065. 47 ± 336. 45 pieces /mm2, in 3mo after surgery was 2031. 47 ± 345. 76 pieces/mm2, in 6mo was 2001. 72±337. 18 pieces /mm2and in 1a after the surgery was 1979. 65 ± 301. 32 pieces /mm2, and the difference among different time points had statistical significance ( F = 13. 49, P<0. 01 ). After treatment the corneal endothelial cell density decreased compared to before treatment (P<0. 05); those after treatment had no difference with each other (P>0. 05). After surgery, there were 4 cases (4 eyes) of ocular hypotension, 3 cases (3 eyes) of hyphema, 2 cases ( 2 eyes) of drainage tube plugging and 2 cases ( 2 eyes ) of intraocular hypertension, which were all quickly relieved after basic intervention treatment. · CONCLUSION: Treating traumatic angle recession glaucoma with Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation can dramatically optimize the state of intraocular hypertension and protect the retaining visual acuity, and visual acuity can be optimized in some cases. It causes little complication that can be relieved with basic prognosis, but postoperative corneal endothelial cell loss exists in some cases.

Observation of cataract extraction and vitrectomy with gas tamponade for idiopathic macular hole at different stages / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

·AIM: To investigate the visual acuity after cataract extraction and vitrectomy with gas tamponade for idiopathic macular hole (IMH) at different stages. ·METHODS: In this study, 75 IMH patients ( 75 eyes ) treated in our hospital from August 2014 to August 2016 were enrolled and underwent cataract extraction, vitrectomy and C3F8gas tamponade. Patients were divided into stage Ⅱ Group ( 18 cases ), stage Ⅲ ( 36 cases) and stageⅣ(21 cases) according to Gass stages, and macular hole closure at 2 and 4wk postoperatively were compared. The routine visual acuity examination before and after surgery were performed, and the visual acuity in each group were compared. The optical coherence tomography ( OCT) was used to measure the macular thickness before and after surgery. ·RESULTS: The closure rate of macular hole in stage Ⅱwas significantly higher than that of stage Ⅲ and IV at the 1mo after operation, that at the stage Ⅲ was significantly higher than that of stageⅣgroup, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05). There was no significant difference in the rate of closure of macular hole between stage Ⅱ and stage Ⅲ at 3mo after operation (P>0. 05). The proportion of eyes with visual acuity of finger counting, 0. 02-0. 08, 0. 10-0. 20, 0. 25-0. 40 and ≥0. 50 was statistically significant different before and after surgery(P<0. 05). The improvement rate of visual acuity was 94% in stage Ⅱ, which was significantly higher than that in stage Ⅲ (83%) and stage Ⅳ (67%). The macular thickness of the stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ was significantly lower after the surgery, but there was no significant difference in the stage Ⅳ before and after surgery (P>0. 05), the decreasing range of the stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ was not statistically significantly different (P>0. 05), which were significantly higher than that of the stage Ⅳ, the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05). ·CONCLUSION: Cataract extraction, vitrectomy and C3F8 gas tamponade surgery is conducive to the vision recovery after idiopathic macular hole, but the effects with different Gass staging are different, surgery should be performed as early as possible to improve macular hole closure and eyesight recovery.

Combined treatment of Conbercept and panretinal photocoagulation for neovascular glaucoma after central retinal vein occlusion / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

· AIM:To investigate the efficacy of the combined treatment of Conbercept and panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) for neovascular glaucoma (NVG) with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO).· METHODS:The clinical data of 100 NVG patients with CRVO treated in our hospital from May 2014 to May 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.In those,50 patients treated with glaucoma filtering surgery combined with PRP were selected as control group,and based on this,50 patients treated with intravitreal injection of conbercept were included in the observation group.The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) before treatment,and after 7d,1,3,and 6mo treatment were compared.The intraocular pressure IOP of each period with the non-contact tonometer were also compared,the effect of surgery was evaluated by slit-lamp examination of neovascularization combined with intraocular pressure,and then recurrence rate and complication was recorded during 6mo follow-up.· RESULTS:No statistically significant difference was found between preoperative and after surgery at each time point (P＞0.05).The intraocular pressure of the two groups was significantly lower than that of before the surgery,the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group 7d and 1mo after surgery,and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference on lOP the 3 and 6mo after surgery between two groups (P＞0.05).The operation success rate was 100％ in the observation group and was 92％ in the control group,the difference was statistically significant (P＜ 0.05).The complete success rate of the observation group was 84％,which was significantly higher than 66％ of the control group,the difference was statistically significant (P＜ 0.05).The hyphema and recurrence rate of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of shallow anterior chamber and low intraocular pressure (P＞0.05).· CONCLUSION:Preoperative intravitreal injection of conbercept combined with panretinal photocoagulation for neovascular glaucoma after central retinal vein occlusion make the pressure recovery and neovascularization time shorter with better surgical results,and can control the anterior chamber hemorrhage and reduce the recurrence rate.

Intravitreal injection of Conbercept combined with trabeculectomy and panretinal photocoagulation for the treatment of neovascular glaucoma / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the clinical efficacy of intravitreal injection of Conbercept combined with trabeculectomy and panretinal photocoagulation for the treatment of neovascular glaucoma (NVG). METHODS: The clinical data of 90 patients with NVG treated in our hospital from June 2014 to June 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. There were 42 patients treated with trabeculectomy and panretinal photocoagulation enrolled as the control group. On the basis of this, 48 patients who received intravitreal injection of conbercept 5-7d preoperatively were enrolled as observation group. The best corrected visual acuity (standard logarithmic visual acuity), intraocular pressure and the regression of neovascularization were observed and compared before treatment,and 1wk,1,3,and 6mo post treatment. Then the clinical efficacy and postoperative complications were observed and recorded. RESULTS: The difference of visual acuity of the two groups was significant before and after treatment,and the best corrected visual acuity of observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group at 1mo after the operation (P<0.05), no difference was found at 1wk,3 and 6mo post treatment (P>0.05). The pre- and postoperative intraocular pressure of the two groups showed significant difference, and the intraocular pressure of the observation group was significantly lower than the control group at 1wk, 1, 3 and 6mo post treatment (P<0. 05). The cure rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (77% vs 64%), with statistical significance (P<0 05). The incidence of anterior chamber hemorrhage and shallow anterior chamber in the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05), with no difference in the incidence of macular degeneration(P>0.05). Moreover, the recurrence rate of neovascularization in the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group at 6mo after operation (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The intravitreal injection of conbercept 5-7d before panretinal photocoagulation can significantly reduce intraocular pressure,improve the visual acuity for the treatment of NVG, which also has a higher comprehensive cure rate.

Ocular surface changes after combined surgery of glaucoma and cataract / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

·AIM: To investigate the effect of phacoemulsification intraocular lens implantation combined with trabeculectomy on ocular surface in the treatment of glaucoma and cataract. ·METHODS: Totally 45 cases of patients with glaucoma and cataract in our hospital from February 2016 to February 2017 were enrolled. All the patients had unilateral disease,and the medical records of the patients were analyzed retrospectively. The sicked eyes were set as the observation group and contralateral eyes were set as the control group. The dry eye score, break-up time (BUT), corneal fluorescein staining score (FL), tear secretion test (S I t) and conjunctival epithelium goblet cell density(CIC) was compared between two groups before operation and at 1wk,1 and 3mo after operation. · RESULTS: The preoperative dry eye score of the observation group had no significant difference with that of the control group (P > 0. 05). At 1wk, 1mo after operation,data of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group and before operation, with statistical significance (P < 0. 05), no significant difference was shown at postoperative 3mo (P>0.05). Preoperative BUT of the observation group had no significant difference with that of the control group(P>0.05); at 1 wk,1 and 3mo after operation, data of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group and before operation, with statistical significance (P<0.05). The preoperative FL score of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group, while the postoperative FL score of the observation group at 1wk,1 and 3mo had sharp difference with that before operation(P<0.05),all were significantly higher than that of the control group,there was statistical significance(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in S I t score between the observation group and the control group preoperatively ( P > 0. 05), and the postoperative S I t scores of the observation group at 1wk,1 and 3mo postoperatively was evidently lower than that of the control group and before operation (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in CIC density between the two groups preoperatively. While the postoperative data of the observation group at 1wk, 1 and 3mo postoperatively was significantly lower than that of the control group and before operation,with statistical points (P<0.05). · CONCLUSION: Phacoemulsification intraocular lens implantation combined with trabeculectomy for treatment of glaucoma and cataract can aggravate dry eye symptoms, as well as reduce tear film stability and tear secretion,impair conjunctival epithelium goblet cell.

Comparison of contrast sensitivity after regional refraction multifocal intraocular lens implantation / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To compare the sensitivity of regional refraction multifocal intraocular lens implantation with other methods. Methods A total of 78 patients with simple cataract treated by visual acuity in our hospital from February 2016 to June 2017 were selected as subjects.The patients were divided into SBL-3 group (26 cases),SN6AD1 group (26 cases) and ZMB00 group (26 cases) according to the different intraocular lens.The contrast sensitivity value of patients in 3 groups under clear light(85 cd/m2),dark light(3 cd/m2),clear and glare light(45 Lux),dark and glare light(28 Lux) with different spatial frequencies (3,6,12,18 c/d) by the United States CSV-1000E contrast sensitivity tester after surgery.Results In terms of sensitivity index as clear light,dark light,clear and glare light,and dark and glare,the SBL-3 group were better than those of ZMB00 group and SN6AD1 group,the difference was significant(P<0.05);there were no significant differences between ZMB00 group and SN6AD1 group of each index sensitivity(P>0.05).Conclusion The postoperative sensi-tivity of refractive multifocal intraocular lens implantation of SBL-3 is significantly better than the apodized diffractive multifocal intraocular lens implantation of SN6AD1 and alll optical diffractive multifocal intraocular lens implantation of ZMB00,which is worthy of widely use for simple cataract.

Follow-up observation of catch-up growth of preterm infants after discharge and risk factors for extrauterine growth retardation / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the catch-up growth of preterm infants within a corrected age of 6 months and the risk factors for extrauterine growth retardation (EUGR).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 321 preterm infants who were discharged after treatment in the neonatal intensive care unit and had regular follow-up documents with complete follow-up records were enrolled. According to the Prenatal Health Care Norms in 2015, these infants were divided into low-risk group with 69 infants and high-risk group with 252 infants. The Z-score method was used to evaluate body weight, body length, and head circumference, and the catch-up growth of the preterm infants within a corrected age of 6 months was analyzed. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors for EUGR at the corrected age of 6 months.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The percentage of preterm infants with Z scores of body weight, body length, and head circumference of < -2 (not reach the standard for catch-up growth) in both groups decreased gradually with increasing corrected age. At the corrected age of 6 months, the percentages of preterm infants whose body weight, body length, and head circumference did not reach the standard for catch-up growth in the low-risk group were reduced to 1.4% (1/69), 2.9% (2/69), and 1.4% (1/69) respectively, while in the high-risk group, these percentages were reduced to 1.2% (3/252), 1.6% (4/252), and 3.6% (9/252) respectively. The high-risk group had a significantly higher incidence rate of EUGR at the corrected age of 6 months than the low-risk group (28.2% vs 15.9%, P=0.039). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that multiple birth (OR=2.68, P=0.010), low birth weight (<1 000 g: OR=14.84, P<0.001; 1 000-1 499 g: OR=2.85, P=0.005), and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) (OR=11.41, P<0.001) were risk factors for EUGR at the corrected age of 6 months, while nutritional enhancement after birth (OR=0.25, P<0.001) reduced the risk of EUGR.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Most preterm infants can achieve catch-up growth at the corrected age of 6 months. High-risk preterm infants have a high incidence rate of EUGR at the corrected age of 6 months. Multiple birth, low birth weight, and IUGR are risk factors for EUGR, while rational nutritional enhancement after birth can reduce the incidence rate of EUGR in preterm infants.</p>

A study on the mRNA expression of cell cycle related genes in population occupationally exposed to hexavalent chromium / 预防医学

Objective The aim of our study was to investigate the influence of hexavalent chromium exposure on mRNA expression of cell cycle related genes in electroplating workers, and to provide population data for investigating the toxic mechanisms of hexavalent chromium. Methods A total of 155 cases of workers occupationally exposed to hexavalent chromium were selected, including 89 males and 66 females, and the average age of workers was 39.65±8.856 years old. Questionnaire was used to collect essential information of workers. Peripheral blood was collected from electroplating workers. The inductively couple plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MAS) was used to measure total blood chromium content. The workers were divided into four groups according to the blood chromium content. After extracting total RNA from whole blood and reverse transcription, the mRNA expression levels of p16 and CDK6 genes were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. Meanwhile, the levels of blood chromium (BCr) and the mRNA expression of p16 and CDK6 genes were compared among four groups. The impact of BCr, smoking habits, drinking habits, gender on the mRNA expression of CDK6 gene was analyzed. Results The levels of BCr in group 1 to 4 were 0.04ppb, 0.47±0.29 ppb, 2.76±1.16 ppb, 9.36 ±4.38 ppb, respectively, and the difference between every two groups was significant (P<0.05) . The median of p16 gene expression in four groups was 4.22, 7.19, 7.47, and 14.60, respectively, and the difference between every two groups was not significant (P>0.05) . The mRNA expression levels of CDK6 gene in groups 2 to 4 were 15.05, 8.03 and 24.81, respectively, which were significantly higher than that in group 1 (P<0.05) . The results of logistic regression showed that the level of Bcr was the main influence factor, while smoking habits, drinking habits and gender had no obvious impact on the mRNA expression of CDK6 gene. Conclusions Long-term exposure of hexavalent chromium led to higher mRNA expression of CDK6 gene, and it may serve as a biomarker for workers occupationally exposed to hexavalent chromium.

An investigation on satisfaction of occupational health examination and diagnosis of occupational diseases in Zhejiang Province / 预防医学

Objective To investigate the employers' and employees' satisfaction of Zhejiang Province on occupation health examination and diagnosis of occupational diseases, and to guide and to standardize the occupation health examination and occupational disease diagnosis. Methods A random sample of 953 employers, 1791 workers with health examination and 135 workers with diagnosis of occupational diseases were selected in the survey, and the questionnaire about the Satisfuction on occupation health examination and occupation disease diagnosis were used in this survey. Results A total of 2879 questionnaires were sent out, in which 2841 valid questionnaires were returned, and the effective recovery rate was 98.68%. The recognition rates on comfortable environment, clear instructions process, workflow notification, and attention notification were all above 98%. The satisfaction rates for all items were above 86%, and the total satisfaction rate was 89.27% . The total satisfaction rates of workers with health examination, workers with diagnosis of occupational diseases and employers were 89.28%, 82.03%, and 90.22%, respectively. The recognition rates on clear instructions process and attention notification, and the satisfaction rates on service attitude, result information and overall satisfaction were significantly different between different types of respondents (P<0.05) . The results of pair wise comparison showed that the satisfaction rates of workers with diseases diagnosis on service attitude, results information and overall satisfaction were significantly lower than those of employers (P<0.05) . The overall satisfaction rate of workers with diagnosis of occupational diseases was lower than that of workers with health examination (P=0.011) . The recognition rates of workers with health examination on clear instructions process and attentions notification were lower than those of employers (P<0.016) . There was a significant difference in the overall satisfaction between respondents in different regions (P<0.01) . Conclusion The service of occupational health examination and occupational disease diagnosis services should be further improved. We should better learn the demands of employees and employers, improve service attitude, optimize service processes, shorten service time, and improve service quality and satisfaction.

Application of humidified high-flow nasal cannula in neonates with meconium aspiration syndrome and pulmonary hypertension after extubation / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical value of humidified high-flow nasal cannula (HHFNC) as a respiratory support after extubation by comparing it with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) in neonates with meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 78 neonates with MAS and PPHN were randomly administered with HHFNC or NCPAP immediately after extubation. The following indices were compared between the two groups: blood gas parameters, duration of noninvasive ventilation, rate of extubation failure, and incidence of complications, such as nasal damage, abdominal distension, and intraventricular hemorrhage.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were no significant differences in the rate of extubation failure, PaO, PCO, and PaO/FiOratio at one hour after NCPAP or HHFNC, duration of noninvasive ventilation, time to full enteral feeding, length of hospital stay, and incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage between the two groups (P>0.05). The HHFNC group had significantly lower incidence of nasal damage (5.0% vs 31.6%; P<0.05) and incidence of abdominal distension (7.5% vs 34.2%; P<0.05) than the NCPAP group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Both NCPAP and HHFNC can be used as the sequential therapy for neonates with MSA and PPHN after extubation, and they both have a definite effect. As a new strategy of respiratory support, HHFNC is better tolerated, and has fewer side effects than NCPAP.</p>

Analysis of In-hospital Neonatal Death in the Tertiary Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in China: A Multicenter Retrospective Study / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Globally, the proportion of child deaths that occur in the neonatal period remains a high level of 37-41%. Differences of cause in neonate death exist in different regions as well as in different economic development countries. The specific aim of this study was to investigate the causes, characteristics, and differences of death in neonates during hospitalization in the tertiary Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>All the dead neonates admitted to 26 NICUs were included between January l, 2011, and December 31, 2011. All the data were collected retrospectively from clinical records by a designed questionnaire. Data collected from each NICU were delivered to the leading institution where the results were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 744 newborns died during the 1-year survey, accounting for 1.2% of all the neonates admitted to 26 NICUs and 37.6% of all the deaths in children under 5 years of age in these hospitals. Preterm neonate death accounted for 59.3% of all the death. The leading causes of death in preterm and term infants were pulmonary disease and infection, respectively. In early neonate period, pulmonary diseases (56.5%) occupied the largest proportion of preterm deaths while infection (27%) and neurologic diseases (22%) were the two main causes of term deaths. In late neonate period, infection was the leading cause of both preterm and term neonate deaths. About two-thirds of neonate death occurred after medical care withdrawal. Of the cases who might survive if receiving continuing treatment, parents' concern about the long-term outcomes was the main reason of medical care withdrawal.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Neonate death still accounts for a high proportion of all the deaths in children under 5 years of age. Our study showed the majority of neonate death occurred in preterm infants. Cause of death varied with the age of death and gestational age. Accurate and prompt evaluation of the long-term outcomes should be carried out to guide the critical decision.</p>

Influencing factors for severity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the influencing factors for the severity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 110 preterm infants who were diagnosed with BPD and had a hospital stay of over 28 days between January 2011 and December 2013 were analyzed. These BPD infants were divided into 3 groups according to the clinical criteria: mild group (n=52), moderate group (n=44), and severe group (n=14). The relationship between the severity of BPD and the gestational age, birth weight, asphyxia, oxygen therapy, pregnancy complications, intrauterine pneumonia and mechanical ventilation was analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The severity of BPD was correlated with the following factors: gestational age, birth weight, prenatal infection, duration of oxygen inhalation with a concentration of >40%, use of mechanical ventilation, parameters and duration of mechanical ventilation, duration of continuous positive airway pressure, adoption of intubation surfactant extubation (INSURE) approach, Ureaplasma urealyticum infection, intrauterine pneumonia and patent ductus arteriosus. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the mechanical ventilator parameter peak inspiratory pressure (OR=1.260, 95%CI: 1.096-1.448) and duration of mechanical ventilation (OR=1.010, 95%CI: 1.005-1.016) were independent risk factors for the severity of BPD, while the INSURE approach was a protective factor (OR=0.208, 95%CI: 0.060-0.923).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The severity of BPD is associated with various factors in preterm infants. The important measures for preventing BPD include avoiding the birth of preterm infants with a very low birth weight, shortening the duration of mechanical ventilation, preventing and reducing pulmonary infections, and applying the INSURE approach.</p>

Cellular and humoral immunity in preterm infants of different gestational ages / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the characteristics of immune function in newborn infants of different gestational ages.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 115 premature infants free of infection between June 1, 2012 and June 1, 2013 were divided into two groups according to their gestational age at birth: early preterm infant group (28-33+6 weeks, n=57) and late preterm infant group (34-36+6 weeks, n=58). Meanwhile, 88 full-term infants (37-41+6 week) were recruited to the control group. Venous blood samples were collected within 24 hours after birth. The percentages of lymphocyte subsets, such as CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD19+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells were measured by flow cytometry, and the absolute count of each population was calculated using the results from routine blood work. Concentrations of serum IgG, IgA, and IgM were measured by immunoturbidimetry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Both preterm infant groups had significantly higher percentages of CD3+ and CD4+ T cells and CD4+/CD8+ ratio (P<0.05) and significantly lower percentages of CD8+ and CD19+ T cells and NK cells (P<0.05), as compared with the full-term infant group. The absolute counts of total lymphocytes, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD19+ T cells, and NK cells in both preterm infant groups were significantly lower than those in the full-term infant group (P<0.05), and the above parameters in the late preterm infant group were significantly higher than those in the early preterm infant group (P<0.05). Both preterm infant groups showed significantly lower concentrations of serum IgG than the full-term infant group (P<0.05), while no significant differences in concentrations of serum IgA and IgM were observed between the three groups (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Neonatal gestational age has an effect on cellular and humoral immunity. The immune function gradually improves with increasing gestational age.</p>

Efficacy of inhaled nitric oxide in premature infants with hypoxic respiratory failure / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the safety and efficacy of low-concentration inhaled nitric oxide (NO) in the treatment of hypoxic respiratory failure (HRF) among premature infants.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty premature infants (gestational age ≤ 34 weeks) with HRF were randomized into NO and control groups between 2012 and 2013, with 30 cases in each group. Both groups received nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) or mechanical ventilation. NO inhalation was continued for at least 7 days or until weaning in the NO group. The general conditions, blood gas results, complications, and clinical outcomes of the two groups were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The NO group showed significantly more improvement in blood gas results than the control group after 12 hours of treatment (P<0.05). After that, the change in oxygenation status over time showed no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in total time of assisted ventilation and duration of oxygen therapy between the two groups (P>0.05). The incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), patent ductus arteriosus, necrotizing enterocolitis, retinopathy of prematurity, and pneumothorax in infants showed no significant differences between the NO and control groups (P>0.05), but the incidence of IVH and mortality were significantly lower in the NO group than in the control group (7% vs 17%, P<0.05; 3% vs 13%, P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>NO inhalation may improve oxygenation status and reduce the mortality in premature infants with HRF, but it cannot reduce the incidence of BPD and the total time of mechanical ventilation or nCPAP and duration of oxygen therapy. NO therapy may have a brain-protective effect for premature infants with HRF and does not increase clinical complications.</p>

Progress of microRNA in diagnosis and prognosis of diffuse large B cell lymphoma-review / 中国实验血液学杂志

MicroRNA (miRNA) is a class of naturally occurring short non-coding small molecular RNA with 19-25 nucleotide. MiRNA can regulate gene expression through incompletely binding to complementary sequences in the 3'UTR of target mRNA. MiRNA plays key regulatory role in a diverse rang of pathways, including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, stem cell development. Many studies have shown that many miRNA have a special role of gene regulation in cancer development and have been used as therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers of cancer. This review focuses on recent advances of studies on miRNA involved in tumorigenesis, and in classification, diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of DLBCL.

Bioactivity of Indonesian mahogany, Toona sureni (Blume) (Meliaceae), against the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) / Bioatividade do mogno da Indonésia, Toona sureni (Blume) (Meliaceae), contra o besouro-das-farinhas, Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae)

Bioactivity of Indonesian mahogany, Toona sureni (Blume) (Meliaceae), against the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae). The insecticidal activity of Toona sureni (Blume) Merr. was evaluated considering repellency, mortality and progeny production of F1 adults of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst, 1797) (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae). Dried extract of seeds of T. sureni was dissolved in acetone to prepare solution of various concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0%). To test for repellency, the insects were exposed to treated filter paper. Mortality of larvae, pupae and adults was evaluated by the treatment of spraying the insects with different concentrations of T. sureni extract. Residual effect of the extract was also evaluated considering the production of progeny of F1 adults. The highest repellency (93.30%) of T. castaneum occurred at the highest concentration (5.0% suspension of T. sureni); while the lowest (0.0%) repellency occurred at 0.5% suspension after 1 day of treatment. The highest mortality against adults (86.71%), larvae (88.32%) and pupae (85%) occurred at 5% suspension at 8 days after application. There was a negative correlation between the concentrations of T. sureni and the production of F1 adult's progeny of T. castaneum. The highest number of progeny (147) of T. castaneum occurred in the control at 7 days after treatment; and the lowest number of progeny (43) occurred at 5.0% concentration in 1 day after treatment. The results show that T. sureni is toxic to T. castaneum and has the potential to control all stages of this insect in stored wheat.

Bioatividade do mogno da Indonésia, Toona sureni (Blume) (Meliaceae), contra o besouro-das-farinhas, Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae). A atividade inseticida de Toona sureni (Blume) Merr. foi avaliada considerando repelência, mortalidade e a produção de progênie de adultos F1 de Tribolium castaneum (Herbst, 1797) (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae). Extrato seco de sementes de T. sureni foi dissolvido em acetona, para preparar soluções de várias concentrações (0,5; 1,0; 2,5 e 5,0%). Para testar a repelência, os insetos foram expostos a papel de filtro tratado. A mortalidade de larvas, pupas e adultos foi avaliada pulverizando os insetos com diferentes concentrações do extrato de T. sureni. O efeito residual do extrato também foi avaliado pela produção de progênie dos adultos F1. A maior repelência (93,30%) de T. castaneum ocorreu na maior concentração (5,0% suspensão de T. sureni); enquanto que a mais baixa repelência (0%) ocorreu na suspensão de 0,5% em um dia após o tratamento. A mortalidade mais elevada de adultos (86,71%), larvas (88,32%) e de pupas (85%) ocorreu com a suspensão a 5%, aos oito dias após a aplicação. Houve uma correlação negativa entre a concentração das suspensões de T. sureni e a produção de progênie de T. castaneum. O maior número de progênie (147) foi produzido na testemunha aos sete dias após o tratamento; enquanto o menor número de progênie (43) foi na suspensão de 5,0% no primeiro dia após o tratamento. Os resultados demostram que T. sureni é tóxico para T. castaneum e tem potencial para ser usado no controle de todos os estágios deste inseto em trigo armazenado.

Discussion on reinforcing-reducing method by lifting and thrusting the needle and slow-rapid reinforcing-reducing method from the point of view of energy / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To resolve the contradictory in expounding of reinforcing and reducing by lifting and thrustion the needle and slow-rapid reinforcing and reducing method.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In a certain condition,the relationship between the external force (the joint force of both the pressing on the force pressing on the needle and the force arresting the needle's moving) and the speed of needle's moving is deduced by means of kinetic energy theorem, so, when the needle is heavily thrust or lifted, the speed of its moving will be increased.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In the reinforcing and reducing method by lifting and thrusting the needle, "heavily"and "gently" of heavily thrustiing and gently lifting or gently thrusting and heavily lifting should be considered as differences of the amplitudes of lifting and thrusting the needle; "slow-rapid" of slow-rapid reinforcing and reducing method should be considered as difference of the speeds.</p>